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Related Concept Videos

Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

20.5K
Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....
20.5K
Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

16.8K
Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
16.8K
Structures of Solids02:22

Structures of Solids

17.5K
Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...
17.5K
Lattice Centering and Coordination Number02:33

Lattice Centering and Coordination Number

11.4K
The structure of a crystalline solid, whether a metal or not, is best described by considering its simplest repeating unit, which is referred to as its unit cell. The unit cell consists of lattice points that represent the locations of atoms or ions. The entire structure then consists of this unit cell repeating in three dimensions. The three different types of unit cells present in the cubic lattice are illustrated in Figure 1.
Types of Unit Cells
Imagine taking a large number of identical...
11.4K
Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization01:25

Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization

4.7K
Crystallization is a phase transformation process in which crystals are precipitated from a supersaturated solution or formed from other sources. During crystallization, atoms or molecules arrange themselves into a well-defined, rigid crystal lattice to minimize energy.
Initiating crystallization involves manipulating the concentration of the solute and the temperature of the solution. Since crystal growth occurs when the ratio of concentration and solubility of the solute in the solvent...
4.7K
Recrystallization: Solid–Solution Equilibria01:10

Recrystallization: Solid–Solution Equilibria

2.3K
Recrystallization is a purification technique used to separate impurities from solid compounds. In this technique, no chemical reactions occur. Instead, it exploits physical properties only, specifically, the solubility differences between the desired compound and impurities, either at a single temperature or at different temperatures, and under other selected conditions. The solid-solution equilibrium (solubility equilibrium) of each component in the solution represents a binary phase...
2.3K

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Updated: Jan 15, 2026

Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses
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Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses

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Formation of hexagonal binary crystals in additive hard disk mixtures.

Appala Naidu Rayavarapu1, Navid Panchi2, Michael Engel2

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Warangal, Telangana 506004, India.

The Journal of Chemical Physics
|October 15, 2025
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Binary hard disk crystals form spontaneously under specific conditions. Achieving ordered phases in mixtures requires careful control of thermodynamic factors and simulation methods for successful self-assembly.

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Construction and Systematical Symmetric Studies of a Series of Supramolecular Clusters with Binary or Ternary Ammonium Triphenylacetates
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From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding
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Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses
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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Chemistry

Background:

  • The hard disk model is fundamental for 2D phase behavior.
  • Binary mixtures present complexities hindering ordered phase formation.
  • Geometric models predict binary crystals, but simulations face kinetic challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate spontaneous H2 hexagonal binary hard disk crystal formation.
  • Identify conditions favoring self-assembly in additive mixtures.
  • Understand nucleation pathways and kinetic hindrances.

Main Methods:

  • Event-driven molecular dynamics simulations.
  • Analysis of thermodynamic conditions and equilibration times.
  • Utilizing particle swap moves to facilitate crystallization.

Main Results:

  • H2 crystal formation is sensitive to thermodynamic conditions and requires long equilibration.
  • Spontaneous H2 crystal formation observed at equimolar composition and ideal size ratio.
  • Kinetically hindered formation at intermediate densities due to competing phases.

Conclusions:

  • Identified specific conditions for spontaneous H2 binary crystal formation.
  • Demonstrated emergence via non-classical nucleation pathways with metastable intermediates.
  • Provided insights into entropy-driven self-assembly in 2D mixtures for materials design.