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Updated: Jan 15, 2026

Simulating Imaging of Large Scale Radio Arrays on the Lunar Surface
Published on: July 30, 2020
Plume-generated near-field acoustics during liftoff of Artemis I
Makayle S Kellison1,2, Matthew J Casiano1, Kent L Gee2
1NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Alabama 35812, USA.
Abstract:
This Letter presents an analysis of near-field acoustic data collected on Space Launch System's Mobile Launcher tower during the Artemis I mission. Twelve pressure sensors located two and four effective nozzle diameters (De) from the vehicle centerline recorded maximum overall sound pressure levels ranging from ∼ 162 dB to more than 170 dB, originating ∼ 10 De downstream of the nozzle exit plane. Frequency-dependent characteristics are also discussed. The peak noise is radiated over a broader frequency range than in the far field. Low-frequency noise locations match other rockets, but high-frequency locations diverge, falling between prior measurements of undeflected and deflected plumes.
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