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Cell Motility through Blebbing01:16

Cell Motility through Blebbing

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Blebs are a type of membrane protrusion formed by the internal hydrostatic pressure of the cytoplasm. Blebs are observed in several cell types, including fibroblasts, immune cells, and single-celled organisms like the amoeba. The primary function of blebs is cell locomotion and apoptosis, but they are also found during necrosis and cell division. The life cycle of a bleb comprises an initiation phase followed by the expansion and retraction phases.
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The protrusion of the cell surface is an initial step for several cellular processes, including cell migration, phagocytosis, and neurite outgrowth. These membrane protrusions are a result of cytoskeletal rearrangement. The most  widely observed cell protrusions include lamellipodia, pseudopodia, filopodia, microvilli, invadopodia, and podosomes. These protrusions can be of two types — static or dynamic.
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Cell migration, the process by which cells move from one location to another, is essential for the proper development and viability of organisms throughout their life. When cells are not able to migrate properly to their ordained locations, various disorders may occur. For example, disruption in cell migration causes chronic inflammatory diseases such as arthritis.
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Excess Pressure Inside a Drop and a Bubble01:13

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The shape of a small drop of liquid can be considered spherical, neglecting the effect of gravity. This drop can further be considered as two equal hemispherical drops put together due to surface tension. The forces acting on the spherical drop are due to the pressure of the liquid inside the drop, the pressure due to air outside the drop, and the force due to the surface tension acting on the two hemispherical drops.
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Enlargement of the Plasma Membrane01:22

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Cell division and enlargement are processes that require precise control. The control ensures that cell division cannot proceed unless the cell has grown to a specific size. A spherical, dividing cell requires an approximately 1.6X increase in its surface area to double its volume. The secretory pathway also has a significant role in cell membrane enlargement. Secretory vesicles that bud off from the Golgi apparatus and later fuse with the plasma membrane during exocytosis are a major source of...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 15, 2026

A Microfluidic System with Surface Patterning for Investigating Cavitation Bubble(s)&#8211;Cell Interaction and the Resultant Bioeffects at the Single-cell Level
11:14

A Microfluidic System with Surface Patterning for Investigating Cavitation Bubble(s)–Cell Interaction and the Resultant Bioeffects at the Single-cell Level

Published on: January 10, 2017

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Bubble-driven cell detachment.

Bert Vandereydt1, Baptiste Blanc1,2, Kripa K Varanasi1

  • 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.

Science Advances
|October 15, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a novel electrochemical bubble generation method for on-demand cell detachment. This technique uses physical forces, preserving cell viability and offering a versatile alternative to traditional methods.

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Cell Biology
  • Electrochemistry

Background:

  • On-demand cell detachment is crucial for biosensitive applications.
  • Current methods (enzymatic, mechanical) are inefficient and damage cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate a novel, non-damaging method for on-demand cell detachment.
  • To investigate electrochemical bubble generation as a cell detachment mechanism.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized electrochemical bubble generation to create fluid flow.
  • Applied shear stress from bubble-induced flow for cell detachment.
  • Designed and tested a lab-scale prototype for cell detachment.

Main Results:

  • Successfully detached cells using electrochemical bubble generation.
  • Identified shear stress from fluid flow as the primary detachment mechanism.
  • Maintained high cell viability during the detachment process.

Conclusions:

  • Electrochemical bubble generation offers a gentle and effective method for cell detachment.
  • This physical force-based strategy is versatile across different cells and surfaces.
  • Potential applications include high-throughput cell culture and bioreactors.