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    Researchers developed a novel mixed thulium, holmium co-doped crystal for generating ultrashort laser pulses. This breakthrough enables sub-50 femtosecond (fs) pulse generation at 2 micrometers (μm).

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    Area of Science:

    • Materials Science
    • Laser Physics
    • Quantum Optics

    Background:

    • Developing advanced laser materials is crucial for scientific research and technological applications.
    • Ultrashort pulse generation, particularly in the 2-micrometer (μm) spectral range, is of significant interest for various fields.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the potential of a novel "mixed" Thulium (Tm) and Holmium (Ho) co-doped crystal for generating ultrashort laser pulses.
    • To achieve few-optical-cycle pulse durations in the 2-μm spectral range using this new material.

    Main Methods:

    • Fabrication and characterization of a novel "mixed" Tm,Ho:CaYGdLuAlO4 crystal.
    • Utilizing the crystal's broad emission spectrum, attributed to inhomogeneous line broadening from structural and compositional disorder.
    • Leveraging the self-phase modulation (SPM) effect to enhance pulse compression.

    Main Results:

    • Demonstration of sub-50 femtosecond (fs) laser pulses at 2 μm.
    • Achieved pulse durations as short as 43 fs at 2080 nm for sigma-polarizations.
    • Obtained a broad spectral bandwidth of 114 nm, indicating potential for few-optical-cycle pulses.

    Conclusions:

    • The novel "mixed" Tm,Ho:CaYGdLuAlO4 crystal is a promising material for generating ultrashort laser pulses.
    • This material demonstrates significant potential for producing few-optical-cycle pulses in the 2-μm spectral range.
    • The findings open new avenues for applications requiring high-peak-power, ultrashort laser pulses.