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Global, regional, and national burden of transport-related moderate/severe traumatic brain injury, 1992-2021: a cross-sectional time-trend analysis of GBD 2021

  • 0Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
International Journal of Surgery (london, England) +

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October 15, 2025

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October 15, 2025

View abstract on PubMed

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Global moderate/severe traumatic brain injury (m/sTBI) incidence decreased 21% since 1992, but remains a challenge with rising rates in India and high rates in Saudi Arabia.

Area Of Science

  • Global health
  • Epidemiology
  • Trauma research

Background

  • Transport-related moderate/severe traumatic brain injury (m/sTBI) is a significant global cause of death and disability.
  • Global and country-level trends of m/sTBI are not well understood.

Purpose Of The Study

  • To analyze global and country-level trends of transport-related m/sTBI from 1992 to 2021.
  • To project future burden and assess disparities in m/sTBI.

Main Methods

  • Utilized Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 data for incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability (YLDs).
  • Employed age-period-cohort models for temporal trend analysis and Bayesian forecasting for future projections.
  • Conducted frontier and inequality analyses to evaluate performance relative to development and income disparities.

Main Results

  • Global age-standardized incidence of m/sTBI decreased by approximately 21% from 1992 to 2021.
  • High Socio-Demographic Index (SDI) regions showed significant declines, while low/low-middle SDI areas had minimal change.
  • China's incidence is projected to decrease, India's to increase, and Saudi Arabia maintained the highest incidence in 2021. Relative inequality in burden worsened, concentrating in low-SDI countries.

Conclusions

  • Transport-related m/sTBI persists as a global health issue with increasing relative inequities.
  • Successful road safety policies in China and high-SDI regions offer a model for prevention.
  • Urgent interventions are needed in India and Saudi Arabia, focusing on policy enforcement, infrastructure, and trauma care access.

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