Women's experiences of local hydrotherapy in labour receiving epidural analgesia: A qualitative study

Although epidural analgesia is widely used for pain relief during labour, some women continue to experience breakthrough pain and psychological distress.

Hydrotherapy is a longstanding, non-pharmacological pain relief method used during labour that is known to offer both physiological and psychological benefits. However, due to procedural constraints, its integration alongside epidural analgesia during labour remains limited.

This study aimed to explore the experiences and perceptions of women in labour who received epidural analgesia alongside local hydrotherapy to provide a theoretical foundation and practical guidance for its broader implementation and application.

The study was conducted between March and May 2024 and used a descriptive, qualitative design. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 11 women who had received epidural analgesia during labour alongside local hydrotherapy that targeted the perineum, inguinal areas, and legs. Transcripts were subsequently analysed using conventional content analysis.

Three overarching themes emerged: (1) information asymmetry and passive participation in decision-making, (2) dual mechanism of physical and psychological benefits, and (3) demand-oriented optimisation pathways.

Local hydrotherapy provided pain relief, an enhanced sense of privacy and dignity during labour, and improved overall comfort without compromising the integrity of the epidural. The findings highlight the importance of individualised care and enhanced antenatal education to promote informed choices.

Broader clinical implementation of local hydrotherapy during labour requires personalised support to ensure maternal and neonatal safety as well as awareness-raising efforts.