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Nitric Oxide Signaling Pathway

Nitric Oxide Signaling Pathway

Nitric oxide (NO), an inorganic gas, acts as a potent second messenger in most animal and plant tissues. NO diffuses out of the cells that produce it and enters the neighboring cells to generate a downstream response. NO synthase (NOS) catalyzes NO production by the deamination of the amino acid arginine. There are three isoforms of NOS. Endothelial cells have endothelial NOS (eNOS), nerve and muscle cells have neuronal NOS (nNOS), and macrophages produce inducible NOS (iNOS) upon exposure...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 15, 2026

Application of Genetically Encoded Fluorescent Nitric Oxide (NO•) Probes, the geNOps, for Real-time Imaging of NO• Signals in Single Cells

Application of Genetically Encoded Fluorescent Nitric Oxide (NO•) Probes, the geNOps, for Real-time Imaging of NO• Signals in Single Cells

Published on: March 16, 2017

Nitric oxide-modulating biomaterials for therapeutic Immunoengineering.

Yeonju Boo¹, Sang-Hun Choi², Jihoon Kim²

¹Department of Chemistry, POSTECH-CATHOLIC Biomedical Engineering Institute, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea.

Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews

|October 15, 2025

Summary

Nitric oxide (NO) has dual immune roles. Biomaterials can manage NO levels by scavenging excess NO or delivering essential NO, offering new therapeutic strategies for immune regulation in diseases.

Keywords:

Immunoengineering Nitric oxide Nitric oxide delivery systems Nitric oxide scavenging biomaterials

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Analytical Techniques for Assaying Nitric Oxide Bioactivity

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Published on: June 18, 2012

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Last Updated: Jan 15, 2026

Application of Genetically Encoded Fluorescent Nitric Oxide (NO•) Probes, the geNOps, for Real-time Imaging of NO• Signals in Single Cells

Application of Genetically Encoded Fluorescent Nitric Oxide (NO•) Probes, the geNOps, for Real-time Imaging of NO• Signals in Single Cells

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Vascular Gene Transfer from Metallic Stent Surfaces Using Adenoviral Vectors Tethered through Hydrolysable Cross-linkers

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Analytical Techniques for Assaying Nitric Oxide Bioactivity

Analytical Techniques for Assaying Nitric Oxide Bioactivity

Published on: June 18, 2012

Area of Science:

Biomaterials Science
Immunology
Chemical Engineering

Background:

Nitric oxide (NO) exhibits context-dependent immunostimulatory or immunosuppressive functions.
Dysregulated NO production is linked to various disease pathologies.
Therapeutic strategies targeting NO levels are crucial for immune regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

To review NO-modulating biomaterials for immune regulation.
To explore strategies for NO scavenging and NO delivery.
To discuss biomaterial design for precise NO modulation in disease.

Main Methods:

Comprehensive literature review of NO-modulating biomaterials.
Classification of NO scavengers and donors based on chemical structure and triggers.
Analysis of biomaterial platforms for immunoengineering interventions.

Main Results:

NO's pleiotropic immunoregulatory roles across various immune cells were examined.
NO scavengers and donors were categorized by activation mechanisms (pH, redox, enzyme, stimulus-responsive).
Biomaterial platforms integrating NO agents for disease models were discussed.

Conclusions:

NO-modulating biomaterials offer promising avenues for immune reprogramming.
Precise, spatiotemporal, and disease-selective NO control is key for therapeutic efficacy.
Advanced biomaterials hold potential for treating immune-related diseases by modulating NO.