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Forensic Metabolomics: Enhancing PMI Estimation through Porcine Bone Tissue Profiling.

Maria Elena Chiappetta1,2, Elisa Roggia3, Eugenio Alladio3

  • 1School of Law and Policing, Research Centre for Field Archaeology and Forensic Taphonomy, University of Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, United Kingdom.

Journal of Proteome Research
|October 15, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Forensic metabolomics offers a new way to estimate the post-mortem interval (PMI) in skeletal remains. This study shows bone metabolite analysis can accurately determine PMI, even for buried remains.

Keywords:
bone metabolomicsforensic sciencesmass spectrometrymetabolites extraction

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Area of Science:

  • Forensic Science
  • Biochemistry
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Estimating post-mortem interval (PMI) in skeletal remains is challenging due to decomposition affecting traditional methods.
  • Current morphological techniques lack accuracy as decomposition progresses, necessitating novel approaches.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore metabolomics for understanding bone biochemical changes during decomposition.
  • To identify potential bone metabolomic biomarkers for PMI estimation.
  • To assess the influence of burial depth on bone metabolic signatures.

Main Methods:

  • Pig mandibles were buried at various depths (0-50 cm) and collected monthly for 6 months.
  • Bone metabolites were extracted using a methanol-water protocol.
  • Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) were employed for analysis.

Main Results:

  • Metabolomic analysis revealed specific metabolic shifts correlating with increasing post-mortem intervals.
  • Regression models using LC-MS/MS data estimated PMI with 14-day accuracy over 6 months.
  • Burial depth did not significantly impact the bone metabolomic signature.

Conclusions:

  • Metabolomics provides a promising tool for estimating PMI from buried skeletal remains.
  • This approach enhances the accuracy of post-mortem interval assessments in forensic investigations.
  • The study advances forensic metabolomics by detailing post-mortem biochemical processes in bone.