Executive function differences according to anaerobic fitness level based on fatigue index

Aerobic exercise and fitness have favorable effects on cognitive function. However, little information is available regarding anaerobic fitness and cognitive performance. This study examined the relationship between anaerobic fitness levels and cognitive function in healthy young adult women attending college.

Thirty healthy female students participated in this study. The anaerobic power was estimated from 30 consecutive vertical jumps recorded using an optical device. The fatigue index (FI) was calculated as the difference between the average heights of the first and last four jumps, and participants were divided into lower and higher fitness categories. Jump, power, FI, and executive performance (Stroop test) were compared between the groups.

The higher fitness group (HFG) showed significantly greater jump height and mean power, and lower FI and rating of perceived exertion than the lower fitness group. During the Stroop test, from up to 20 min, the HFG demonstrated a significantly greater decrease in reaction time (RT) while performing the neutral task. Regarding RT, no group differences were observed in the congruent task; however, RT decreased in both groups in response to the exercise. For the incongruent task, the HFG also displayed a greater decrease in mean RT at 0 min post-exercise. However, at 20 min post-exercise, the between-group differences disappeared.

Higher anaerobic fitness performed better on the Stroop task, suggesting that less fatigue in an anaerobic environment could help maintain some executive functions.