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Related Concept Videos

Facial Feedback Hypothesis01:24

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Charles Darwin proposed that facial expressions are an evolutionary adaptation for communication. He argued that these expressions are not influenced by culture but are universal across species. For example, a snarling expression with exposed teeth signals a threat in many animals, including humans. Darwin also suggested that displaying an emotion can intensify the feeling. Smiling, for example, could enhance one's sense of happiness. This idea laid the foundation for understanding the role...
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The craniofacial muscles are a collection of approximately 20 thin skeletal muscles situated beneath the skin of the face and scalp. These muscles, primarily responsible for the vast array of human facial expressions, originate from the bones or fibrous structures of the skull and extend outwards to connect with the skin. While most skeletal muscles in the body are enveloped in thick fascia, facial muscles generally have a more delicate fascial covering, with the buccinator muscle being a...
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Updated: Jan 15, 2026

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Facial Gender-Affirming Surgery: Lower Face Feminization.

Jacqueline Albert1, Joshua Choe1, James P Bradley1

  • 1Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, 1991 Marcus Avenue, Suite 102, Lake Success, NY 11042, USA.

Clinics in Plastic Surgery
|October 15, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Lower facial feminization surgery reshapes the chin, jawline, and neck for a softer appearance. Procedures include genioplasty, jaw contouring, and neck work for enhanced facial aesthetics.

Keywords:
Facial contouringFacial feminizationGender-affirming facial surgeryLower face feminizationMandible contouring

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Area of Science:

  • Plastic Surgery
  • Facial Aesthetic Surgery

Background:

  • Masculine facial features can be feminized through surgical intervention.
  • Lower facial feminization aims to create a softer, more aesthetically pleasing appearance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe surgical techniques for lower facial feminization.
  • To outline methods for chin, jawline, and neck contouring.

Main Methods:

  • Chin feminization via narrowing genioplasty.
  • Jawline contouring using angle resection, inferior border resection, or orthognathic surgery.
  • Neck feminization including tracheal shave, platysmaplasty, or deep neck procedures.
  • Facelift may be combined for older patients or to address ptosis.

Main Results:

  • Surgical options exist to modify chin, jaw, and neck morphology.
  • Patient anatomy and preferences guide the selection of specific surgical techniques.
  • Combined procedures like facelift may be indicated in certain cases.

Conclusions:

  • Lower facial feminization surgery offers diverse techniques for aesthetic enhancement.
  • Surgical planning is tailored to individual patient anatomy and desired outcomes.
  • These procedures contribute to a more feminine facial profile.