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Exploring erythropoiesis: aging through the lens of malaria and microgravity
Paul Foucambert1, Jing Wen Hang1, Benoit Malleret1
1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Immunology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
Abstract:
Erythropoiesis, the production of red blood cells (RBCs), is a tightly regulated process essential for hematologic health. This system significantly shifts during aging, impacting RBC production and function. In this review, we examine erythropoiesis stages and highlight major age-related changes in stem cells, transcription factors, and key regulators such as erythropoietin and iron. We then explore mechanisms driving the high prevalence of anemia in the elderly - chronic disease, sepsis, and unexplained anemia - while discussing current therapies and gaps in management. Finally, we introduce two underexplored models for studying aging RBCs: malaria and microgravity. Plasmodium infection and spaceflight mirror key features of age-related erythropoietic dysfunction and RBC morphological alterations, offering insights into mechanisms of anemia in the elderly.
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