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Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...

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The rate of acid-catalyzed hydration of alkenes depends on the alkene's structure, as the presence of alkyl substituents at the double bond can significantly influence the rate.

Prochirality

Prochirality

The concept of prochirality leads to the nomenclature of the individual faces of a molecule and plays a crucial role in the enantioselective reaction. It is a concept where two or more achiral molecules react to produce chiral products. A typical process is the reaction of an achiral ketone to generate a chiral alcohol. Here, the achiral reactant reacts with an achiral reducing agent, sodium borohydride, to generate an equimolar mixture of the chiral enantiomers of the product. For example, an...

Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Introduction
Like alkenes, alkynes can be reduced to alkanes in the presence of transition metal catalysts such as Pt, Pd, or Ni. The reaction involves two sequential syn additions of hydrogen via a cis-alkene intermediate.

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

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Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
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The hydrogenation process takes place on the...

Chair Conformation of Cyclohexane

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The chair conformation is the most stable form of cyclohexane due to the absence of angle and torsional strain. The absence of angle strain is a result of cyclohexane’s bond angle being very close to the ideal tetrahedral bond angle of 109.5° in its chair conformer. Similarly, the torsional strain is also absent owing to the perfectly staggered arrangement of bonds.
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Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction

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Published on: April 10, 2018

Coordination-tailored atomic interfaces for selective CH₄-to-C₂ conversion in aqueous solution.

Fanle Bu¹, Jiayu Yan¹, Lu Qi¹

¹Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Science of Material Creation and Energy Conversion, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, PR China.

Nature Communications

|October 15, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces Fe diatomic catalysts on carbon nitride aerogels for selective methane oxidation to acetic acid under mild conditions. The novel Fe-O2-Fe interfaces achieve high selectivity and production rates, paving the way for industrial applications.

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Versatile CO2 Transformations into Complex Products: A One-pot Two-step Strategy

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Published on: November 9, 2019

Area of Science:

Catalysis science
Materials science
Green chemistry

Background:

Selective methane oxidation to valuable chemicals is a significant challenge.
Mild reaction conditions are desired for energy efficiency and sustainability.
Dual-atom catalysts offer unique active sites for chemical transformations.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and characterize Fe dual-atom catalysts (Fe-DAC/g-C3N4) with O2-bridged Fe diatomic interfaces.
To investigate the mechanism of selective methane oxidation to acetic acid under mild conditions.
To achieve high performance and selectivity in methane conversion.

Main Methods:

Synthesis of Fe dual-atom catalysts supported on carbon nitride aerogels.
Characterization of the Fe-O2-Fe interfaces using advanced techniques.
Experimental investigation of methane oxidation reaction kinetics and mechanism.
Performance evaluation under ambient and industrially relevant pressures.

Main Results:

Successfully constructed Fe-O2-Fe diatomic interfaces with precise Fe-Fe distance (2.92 ± 0.05 Å).
Achieved near 100% selectivity for acetic acid production under mild conditions.
Demonstrated a CH3COOH production rate of 0.79 mmol gcat−1 h−1 at ambient conditions.
Observed a production rate of 1.67 mmol gcat−1 h−1 at 1.5 MPa CH4 with >96% selectivity.

Conclusions:

The O2-bridged Fe diatomic interfaces are crucial for activating methane C-H bonds.
A concerted mechanism involving radical intermediates and C-C coupling leads to selective acetic acid formation.
The developed Fe-DAC/g-C3N4 catalyst shows exceptional performance for industrial methane valorization.