An integrated optical hardware for realization of quantum error correction operators

The efficient error correction subsystem is essential for quantum computing and communication systems due to challenges like no-cloning and destructive measurements. Error-correction codes and fault-tolerant technologies are vital for mitigating errors. Our focus is on implementing fault-tolerant encoding circuits based on Steane code within optical integrated circuits using two C-NOT structures that utilize nonlinear optics. A Mach-Zehnder structure made from Si₃N₄ and nonlinear material with a nonlinear coefficient of n₂ = - 3.5 × 10^-15 m²/W (the nanocrystal of PbS), is exposed to 1.55 μm wavelength waves, where propagated modes serve as qubits. The main input state delivers 25 μW per 100 nm², and secondary inputs provide 15 μW per 100 nm², allowing entanglement and error detection among qubits. The design has achieved a fidelity of F > 0.89, crucial for effective error correction in photon-based quantum computations.