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From Straight Lines to Curved Paths: Validity and Reliability of Linear Position Transducers to Assess Linear and
Tom Lecocq1,2, Maxime Truchon1, Nicolas Tordi2,3
1Laboratory Performance, Santé, Métrologie, Société (PSMS), Faculty of Sport Sciences, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51 100 Reims, France.
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|October 16, 2025
Summary
Linear Position Transducers (LPTs) are valid and reliable for velocity-based training, especially for angular movements below 120 degrees. This study validates LPTs in linear and angular settings, overcoming previous limitations.
Area of Science:
- Biomechanics
- Sports Science
- Measurement Technology
Background:
- Linear Position Transducers (LPTs) are crucial for velocity-based training but require validation.
- Previous studies have limitations regarding biological variability and horizontal displacement.
- Constrained LPT use to multi-joint movements due to validity concerns.
Purpose of the Study:
- Assess the validity and reliability of the Tendo Sport LPT in a controlled linear setting.
- Evaluate an equation for analyzing angular movement using LPT data.
- Overcome limitations of previous LPT validation studies.
Main Methods:
- Vertical drop test (10 kg weight, 100 repetitions) comparing LPT measurements to motion equations.
- Angular movement analysis using a bike wheel and human shoulder.
- Comparison of LPT-derived angles with 3D motion capture data.
Main Results:
- Linear setting: minimal bias and limits of agreement in time and distance measurements.
- Angular setting (bike wheel): excellent reliability (ICC=0.9999) and good validity (RMSD=9.12°).
- Angular setting (shoulder): high validity (RMSD=2.49°).
Conclusions:
- LPTs demonstrate validity and reliability in specific linear and angular settings.
- The Tendo Sport LPT is suitable for analyzing angular kinematics below 120°.
- This study provides a foundation for broader LPT application in sports science and training.
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