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Benchmarking Precompensated Current-Modulated Diode-Laser-Based Differential Absorption Lidar for CO2 Gas

Giacomo Zanetti1, Peter John Rodrigo1, Henning Engelbrecht Larsen1

  • 1Department of Electrical and Photonics Engineering (DTU Electro), Technical University of Denmark, Frederiksborgvej 399, Building 128, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark.

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|October 16, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new tunable diode-laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) system offers faster CO2 measurements using wavelength-toggled single laser differential-absorption lidar (WTSL-DIAL), achieving higher precision than traditional direct-mode TDLAS.

Keywords:
CO2 remote sensingdifferential absorption lidargas spectroscopytunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy

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Area of Science:

  • Spectroscopy
  • Atmospheric Science
  • Laser Technology

Background:

  • Accurate carbon dioxide (CO2) monitoring is crucial for atmospheric studies and climate change research.
  • Traditional tunable diode-laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) methods can be limited by slow measurement times, affecting precision in dynamic environments.
  • Fast and precise gas concentration measurements are essential for atmospheric sensing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present and evaluate a novel wavelength-toggled single laser differential-absorption lidar (WTSL-DIAL) mode for CO2 measurements.
  • To benchmark the WTSL-DIAL method against the traditional direct-mode TDLAS (dTDLAS).
  • To investigate the impact of a two-detector scheme on suppressing laser intensity noise.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a TDLAS system operating at 1.5711 µm for CO2 detection.
  • Implementation of both dTDLAS and WTSL-DIAL modes, utilizing precompensated current pulses for fast wavelength toggling in WTSL-DIAL.
  • Application of a four-parameter Lorentzian fit for dTDLAS data and real-time spectral overlap analysis for WTSL-DIAL data.
  • Comparison of single-detector versus two-detector schemes for noise suppression.

Main Results:

  • The WTSL-DIAL method demonstrated 3.65 ± 0.04 times higher precision compared to dTDLAS over studied intervals.
  • dTDLAS measurements exhibited fewer systematic errors, particularly pressure-induced ones.
  • The WTSL-DIAL method allows for computationally simpler and faster concentration readings.
  • A two-detector scheme was employed to suppress laser intensity fluctuations (1/f noise).

Conclusions:

  • The WTSL-DIAL approach offers a significant improvement in precision for CO2 measurements.
  • While WTSL-DIAL is faster and more precise, dTDLAS remains valuable for minimizing systematic errors.
  • The developed TDLAS system provides a versatile platform for atmospheric CO2 monitoring with adaptable measurement strategies.