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DAF-Aided ISAC Spatial Scattering Modulation for Multi-Hop V2V Networks.

Yajun Fan1,2, Jiaqi Wu2, Yabo Guo1,2

  • 1The Key Laboratory of Grain Information Processing and Control (Henan University of Technology), Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou 450001, China.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|October 16, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a new spatial scattering modulation for integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) in multi-hop vehicle networks. The novel scheme enhances energy efficiency and communication reliability, outperforming existing methods.

Keywords:
detect-amplify-and-forwardenergy efficiencyintegrated sensing and communicationsmulti-hop V2V networksspatial scattering modulation

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Area of Science:

  • Intelligent Transportation Systems
  • Wireless Communication
  • Signal Processing

Background:

  • Integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) is key for intelligent transportation.
  • Existing index modulation (IM)-based ISAC schemes have limitations in multi-hop vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) networks, including energy consumption and noise.
  • Millimeter-wave channels' spatial multiplexing potential is often overlooked in current IM-ISAC systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a novel spatial scattering modulation-based ISAC (ISAC-SSM) scheme for multi-hop V2V networks.
  • To address energy consumption and noise accumulation challenges in complex vehicular environments.
  • To leverage sensed information for improved relay selection and Doppler compensation.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a spatial scattering modulation-based ISAC (ISAC-SSM) scheme for multi-hop V2V networks.
  • Employed a detect-amplify-and-forward (DAF) protocol to mitigate noise propagation.
  • Utilized sensed positioning and angle data for relay selection and Doppler compensation, respectively.
  • Derived closed-form bit error rate (BER) and Chernoff upper bound expressions.

Main Results:

  • The proposed DAF ISAC-SSM scheme demonstrates superior energy efficiency (EE) and error performance compared to existing alternatives.
  • Achieved coding gains of 1.5 dB, 2 dB, and 4 dB over conventional spatial multiplexing, maximum beamforming, and random beamforming, respectively, in a two-hop network.
  • Exhibited robust performance with less than 1.5 dB error degradation under Doppler shifts, validating practical applicability.

Conclusions:

  • The DAF ISAC-SSM scheme effectively enhances EE and communication reliability in multi-hop V2V networks.
  • The proposed scheme overcomes limitations of existing IM-based ISAC systems in complex vehicular environments.
  • Spatial scattering modulation offers a promising approach for future ISAC systems in intelligent transportation.