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Primary Healthcare Services

Primary Healthcare Services

Primary care promotes wellness and prevents disease. This care includes health promotion, education, protection (such as immunizations), early disease screening, and environmental considerations. Settings providing this type of healthcare include physician offices, public health clinics, school nursing, and community health nursing.
In 1978, international leaders convened in Alma-Ata, Kazakhstan, for what would be a pivotal event in global health. The Alma-Ata Declaration was the first to call...

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Prioritizing Pediatric Eye Care in Saudi Arabia: A National Delphi Consensus Study.

Mansour A Alghamdi¹, Ali Almustanyir¹, Abdulmalik A Alshuimi¹

¹Optometry Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.

Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)

|October 16, 2025

Summary

This study identified key barriers to pediatric eye care in Saudi Arabia, recommending mandatory vision screening and integrated optometry services. These strategies aim to improve early detection and reduce childhood vision impairment.

Keywords:

Delphi technique child public health quality of life vision screening

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Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Public Health
Pediatrics

Background:

Childhood eye disorders like refractive errors, strabismus, and amblyopia are common but often missed in Saudi Arabia.
Lack of data on barriers to pediatric eye care impedes service improvement.

Purpose of the Study:

To identify barriers to accessing pediatric eye care in Saudi Arabia.
To develop consensus-based strategies for enhancing pediatric eye care services.

Main Methods:

A three-round Delphi technique was used with 22 Saudi eye care experts.
30 statements were developed from literature review and expert responses.
Consensus was defined as ≥80% agreement, with descriptive statistics applied.

Main Results:

25 out of 30 statements (83.3%) reached consensus, indicating strong expert agreement.
High-priority recommendations include mandatory vision screening and integrating optometrists into primary healthcare.
Establishing specialized pediatric eye care centers and expanding mobile clinics were also recommended.

Conclusions:

This study provides the first national consensus on pediatric eye care in Saudi Arabia.
Actionable recommendations are offered to strengthen services, guide policy, and improve workforce development.
The findings aim to reduce childhood visual impairment through early detection and intervention.