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Periodontitis, Dyslipidemia and Rheumatoid Arthritis: An Additive Model of Cardiovascular Risk.

Marco Bonilla1, Enrique Raya-Álvarez2,3, Manuel Bravo4

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Rheumatoid arthritis and periodontitis together worsen cardiovascular risk by increasing atherogenic markers. Maintaining periodontal health may help reduce this risk in RA patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Health
  • Rheumatology
  • Periodontology

Background:

  • Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and periodontitis are chronic inflammatory conditions.
  • Both diseases are associated with increased cardiovascular risk.
  • The combined impact of RA and periodontitis on atherogenic profiles is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of glycemia, lipid profile, and atherogenic indices in patients with RA and periodontitis.
  • To determine if periodontitis exacerbates cardiovascular risk in RA patients.
  • To analyze the synergistic effect of RA and periodontitis on cardiovascular risk factors.

Main Methods:

  • A case-control study involving 32 RA cases and 14 controls.
  • Assessment of biochemical markers, RA-related markers, and four atherogenic indices.
  • Evaluation of periodontitis using gingival inflammation (BOP) and periodontal severity (PIRIM) indices.
  • Multiple linear regression analysis to assess the differential effect of periodontitis in RA cases versus controls.

Main Results:

  • Periodontitis was more prevalent in RA patients (62.5%) compared to controls (28.5%).
  • Higher BOP levels in RA patients correlated with increased LDL cholesterol (LDLC).
  • Both BOP and PIRIM were associated with higher Castelli Risk Index (CRI-1, CRI-2) values.
  • PIRIM correlated with increased LDLC and decreased HDL cholesterol (HDLC).

Conclusions:

  • Rheumatoid arthritis and periodontitis exhibit a synergistic interaction.
  • This interaction is linked to a more atherogenic cardiovascular profile.
  • Periodontal health is a potentially modifiable factor for reducing cardiovascular risk in RA patients.