Advanced Computer Simulation Based on Cardiac Imaging in Planning of Structural Heart Disease Interventions

Area of Science:

• Cardiovascular Interventions
• Medical Simulation
• Computational Engineering

Background:

• Structural heart interventions have rapidly expanded, posing challenges in procedural planning and complication prediction.
• Traditional 2D imaging limits comprehensive 3D understanding of complex cardiac anatomy.
• Bridging the gap between imaging and procedural planning is crucial for patient safety.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the technical foundations, clinical validation, and applications of FEA, CFD, and FSI in structural heart interventions.
• To assess the current state and future potential of computer simulation in TAVI, mitral valve interventions, and LAAO.
• To highlight the role of simulation in advancing precision medicine for cardiac procedures.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of studies utilizing FEA, CFD, and FSI for structural heart interventions.
• Evaluation of simulation platforms' technical aspects and clinical validation.
• Analysis of practical applications in transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI), mitral valve interventions, and left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO).

Main Results:

• Computer simulation demonstrates feasibility and clinical utility across various structural heart interventions.
• Evidence supports procedural planning benefits, particularly in TAVI and LAAO.
• While feasible, larger validation studies are needed to confirm accuracy and improve clinical outcomes.

Conclusions:

• Computer simulation has progressed from concept to clinical implementation for structural heart interventions.
• Integration with machine learning and real-time capabilities are future directions.
• Simulation technology holds potential for precision medicine, improving procedural success and patient safety.