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Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Isolated Lung Perfusion System in the Rabbit Model

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Published on: July 15, 2021

Influence of Different Warming Methods in Rabbits Subjected to Prolonged Pneumoperitoneum.

Rodrigo N A Curopos¹, José A Damasceno-Ferreira^1,2, Francisco J B Sampaio¹

¹Urogenital Research Unit, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro 20551-030, Brazil.

Animals : an Open Access Journal From MDPI

|October 16, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

For prolonged laparoscopic surgeries, forced-air warming significantly reduces heat loss in small animal models. This method is recommended to prevent hypothermia during extended procedures.

Keywords:

hypothermia laparoscopy minimally invasive surgery perioperative care pneumoperitoneum warming methods

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Area of Science:

Veterinary Anesthesiology
Surgical Thermoregulation
Laparoscopic Surgery

Background:

Maintaining stable body temperature is critical during prolonged surgical procedures.
Pneumoperitoneum, especially when extended, can lead to significant heat loss.
Effective perioperative warming strategies are essential for patient safety.

Purpose of the Study:

To assess the impact of heated carbon dioxide (CO2) and forced-air warming on perioperative temperature.
To evaluate these warming methods in a rabbit model undergoing prolonged pneumoperitoneum.
To determine the most effective strategy for preventing hypothermia during laparoscopic surgery.

Main Methods:

Thirty-seven New Zealand rabbits were divided into four groups: control, heated CO2, forced-air warming, and combined heated CO2 and forced-air warming.
Pneumoperitoneum was maintained for 120 minutes.
Animal core body temperature was monitored at multiple time points before, during, and after insufflation.

Main Results:

All groups experienced a temperature decrease, but those using forced-air warming (alone or with heated CO2) showed a smaller decline and higher final temperatures.
Forced-air warming groups demonstrated better temperature recovery after desufflation.
A correlation between time and temperature decrease was observed, with a smaller slope in groups using forced-air warming.

Conclusions:

Forced-air warming systems effectively reduce heat loss during prolonged pneumoperitoneum in small animals.
This warming method is recommended for preventing hypothermia in laparoscopic surgeries with anticipated long durations.
Combining forced-air warming with heated CO2 did not provide additional benefits over forced-air warming alone.