Adipocyte-Derived Stem Cells in the Treatment of Spinal Cord Injuries in Animal Models: A Systematic Review

Spinal cord injury (SCI) represents a burdensome and currently incurable condition which affects over 20 million patients globally. Adipocyte-derived mesenchymal stem cell (ADSC) therapy may constitute a valuable strategy in treating this condition, owing to their unique cellular characteristics and beneficial effects on functional recovery. This PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews) review aims to assess whether ADSC therapy is a viable strategy for treating SCI in animal models. We identified a total of 1561 studies after performing a search of four databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Medline. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, we identified a total of 16 articles that were reviewed, assessed and reported in our study. General characteristics of these studies, results of stem cell characterisation, SCI induction protocols, locomotor recovery and bladder function following SCI, were investigated as part of our analysis. Fifteen studies suggested that ADSC therapy has a beneficial effect on motor recovery following SCI. The evidence base regarding adjuvant therapies was, however, variable. Further investigations into the mechanisms that underly recovery following ADSC therapy, and potential adjuvants which could enhance these effects, should follow the outcomes of this systematic review. In turn, this would help expand the treatment options available to SCI patients.