CAR-T in the Treatment of Solid Tumors-A Review of Current Research and Future Perspectives

The aim of this narrative review is to present the current state of knowledge regarding the use of chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy in solid tumors. Phase I clinical trials and side effects are discussed. The review is based on an analysis of available scientific publications, primarily phase I trials, Food and Drug Administration (FDA) reports, and PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar sources. It includes clinical trials and review articles from 2016 to 2025. Accumulated data indicate promising efficacy of CAR-T therapy in the treatment of certain solid tumors, particularly those of the gastrointestinal tract, although clinical responses were often limited to disease stabilization. The therapy was generally well tolerated, with a low incidence of serious adverse events. Efficacy was found to depend on factors such as the type of target antigen, the presence of conditioning therapy, and the ability to overcome the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. CAR-T therapy remains experimental outside of hematological malignancies, but further development, refinement of receptor design, and the search for better molecular targets may make it an effective treatment option for solid tumors as well. Current studies are in early phase and require confirmation in larger-scale randomized trials.