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Related Experiment Video

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Replacing Sedentary Time with Physical Activity and Sleep: A 24-Hour Movement Behaviour Perspective on Appetite

Sundus Malaikah1, Arwa Alruwaili2,3, James P Sanders4,5

  • 1Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah P.O. Box 80215, Saudi Arabia.

Nutrients
|October 16, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Replacing sedentary time with moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) increases daily energy intake and alters appetite hormones. Reallocating time to light physical activity (LPA) or sleep did not show similar effects on appetite control.

Keywords:
appetiteeating behaviourenergy balancefood rewardphysical activitysedentary time

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Area of Science:

  • Exercise Physiology
  • Nutritional Science
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • The 24-hour movement profile, encompassing physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep, influences appetite regulation.
  • While acute exercise impacts appetite, the effects of time reallocation between these behaviors under free-living conditions are less understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the associations between reallocating time between sedentary behavior, light physical activity (LPA), moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and sleep with energy intake and appetite regulation.
  • To examine the impact of these time reallocations on appetite-related hormones and psychological eating traits.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study utilizing isotemporal substitution modeling with 130 young, healthy, active adults.
  • Accelerometer data for movement behaviors, food diaries and laboratory meals for energy intake, and blood samples for hormones (acylated ghrelin, PYY, leptin).
  • Subjective appetite, food reward (LFPQ), cravings (CoEQ), and eating behaviors (TFEQ) were assessed.

Main Results:

  • Reallocating 30 minutes of sedentary time to MVPA increased daily energy intake (+113 kcal free-living, +120 kcal lab) and enhanced hunger/prospective consumption, while reducing fullness.
  • This MVPA reallocation elevated fasting acylated ghrelin and lowered postprandial PYY, indicating physiological compensation for energy expenditure.
  • No significant associations were found for reallocations to LPA or sleep, nor were psychological eating traits affected by sedentary time reallocations.

Conclusions:

  • Replacing sedentary time with MVPA in young adults is associated with compensatory increases in energy intake and appetite hormone shifts, suggesting elevated energy demands.
  • Reallocating sedentary time to LPA or sleep did not elicit similar appetite responses.
  • Appetite regulation appears influenced by MVPA through acute physiological pathways rather than enduring psychological eating traits.