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Exosomal MicroRNA: Diagnostic Potential and Role in Breast Cancer Dissemination.

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Liquid biopsy using exosomes can detect early breast cancer (BC). Exosomal microRNAs show high potential for diagnosing BC and guiding treatment decisions.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Liquid biopsy offers a non-invasive method for cancer diagnosis and treatment monitoring.
  • Exosomes, small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), are key mediators of intercellular communication and promising sources of biomarkers.
  • Tumor-derived exosomes are enriched with molecules like microRNAs involved in cancer progression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current limitations in early breast cancer (BC) diagnosis.
  • To explore the role of exosomal microRNAs in BC dissemination.
  • To highlight the diagnostic potential of exosomal microRNAs for early BC detection.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on liquid biopsy, exosomes, and microRNAs in breast cancer.
  • Analysis of exosomal microRNA involvement in cancer hallmarks like immune modulation and metastasis.
  • Evaluation of diagnostic accuracy and clinical utility of exosomal microRNAs.

Main Results:

  • Exosomal microRNAs are implicated in BC progression, affecting the immune system, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis.
  • Tumor cells release more exosomes than normal cells, facilitating biomarker discovery.
  • Exosomal microRNAs demonstrate significant potential for early BC detection and therapeutic guidance.

Conclusions:

  • Exosomal microRNAs are highly promising biomarkers for early breast cancer diagnosis.
  • Liquid biopsy utilizing exosomal microRNAs can aid in treatment selection and prognosis.
  • Further research is warranted to translate exosomal microRNA detection into clinical practice for breast cancer management.