A Novel Electrochemical Sensor Based on Ti₃C₂T_x MXene/Mesoporous Hollow Carbon Sphere Hybrid to Detect Bisphenol A

Bisphenol A (2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane, BPA), an endocrine-disrupting chemical with recognized adverse effects on human health and ecosystems, urgently requires convenient, sensitive, and accurate detection methods. In this study, a hierarchical heterostructure was fabricated by incorporating Ti₃C₂T_x MXene and mesoporous hollow carbon spheres (MHCs) to develop a high-performance electrochemical sensor for BPA. The nanocomposite was thoroughly characterized using SEM, TEM, and XRD, and then applied to modify a glassy carbon electrode (GCE). Under optimized conditions including pH and accumulation time, BPA detection was carried out via differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The sensor exhibited a wide linear detection range from 10 to 200 μM and a low detection limit of 2.6 μM. Moreover, it was successfully applied to environmental water samples, demonstrating high accuracy and practicality for real-world BPA monitoring.