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Radiomics-Based Detection of Germ Cell Neoplasia In Situ Using Volumetric ADC and FA Histogram Features: A

Maria-Veatriki Christodoulou1, Ourania Pappa1, Loukas Astrakas2

  • 1Department of Clinical Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece.

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Summary

Radiomics features from diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) can detect Germ Cell Neoplasia In Situ (GCNIS), a precursor to testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs). This aids in early detection and characterization of pre-cancerous testicular lesions.

Keywords:
carcinoma in situdiffusion magnetic resonance imagingdiffusion tensor imagingradiomicstesticular tumors

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Area of Science:

  • Radiology
  • Oncology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Germ Cell Neoplasia In Situ (GCNIS) is the primary precursor lesion for most testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs).
  • Early detection of GCNIS is crucial for preventing TGCT development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of first-order radiomics features from volumetric diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) metrics in detecting GCNIS.
  • Specifically, to analyze apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and fractional anisotropy (FA) histogram parameters.

Main Methods:

  • The study included 15 men with TGCTs and 10 controls, all undergoing scrotal MRI with DTI.
  • Volumetric ADC and FA histogram metrics were computed for TGCT, GCNIS-positive adjacent parenchyma, and normal testicular tissue.
  • Non-parametric statistics, Pearson's correlation, and ordinal regression were employed to analyze differences and identify predictive parameters.

Main Results:

  • Significant differences (p < 0.05) in ADC and FA variables were observed between TGCTs, GCNIS, and normal testes.
  • Key ADC predictors included 10th percentile, skewness, range, interquartile range, total energy, entropy, and kurtosis.
  • FA_energy (p = 0.039) emerged as a significant indicator of carcinogenesis, with parameters accurately classifying 88.8% of TGCTs, 87.5% of GCNIS, and 100% of normal tissues.

Conclusions:

  • Radiomics features from ADC and FA histograms show significant potential for differentiating TGCTs, GCNIS, and normal testicular tissue.
  • These findings suggest a promising role for DTI-derived radiomics in the early detection and characterization of pre-cancerous testicular lesions.