Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

The Thyroid Gland

The Thyroid Gland

The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Self-assembled hierarchically porous composite film with ultrahigh MIL-101 loading for efficient atmospheric water harvesting.

Journal of colloid and interface science·2026

Same author

Effects of temperature on biofiltration of ammonia-containing waste gas: Removal efficiency, nitrous oxide generation, and microbial communities.

Waste management (New York, N.Y.)·2026

Same author

Real-world outcomes and prognostic factors of minimally invasive thrombolytic and soft-channel drainage assisted by 3D Slicer for basal ganglia hemorrhage.

British journal of neurosurgery·2026

Same author

Alexithymia and its subgroup characteristics in Chinese empty-nesters with multiple chronic diseases: an exploration based on latent class analysis.

Frontiers in psychiatry·2026

Same author

A facile, catalyst-free reactive polydimethylsiloxane coating toward multifunctional cotton textiles with superhydrophobicity, self-healing, oil-water separation, and secondary reactivity.

International journal of biological macromolecules·2026

Same author

Molecular characteristics of proximal and distal esophagogastric junction adenocarcinoma.

Journal of thoracic disease·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 15, 2026

A Swin Transformer-Based Model for Thyroid Nodule Detection in Ultrasound Images

A Swin Transformer-Based Model for Thyroid Nodule Detection in Ultrasound Images

Published on: April 21, 2023

Cytological Classification Diagnosis for Thyroid Nodules via Multimodal Model Deep Learning.

Yuanzheng Lou^1,2,3,4, Yongjian Su^4,5,6, Haoda Lu⁷

¹Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.

Advanced Science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)

|October 16, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

An artificial intelligence platform, AI-TFNA, improves thyroid nodule diagnosis accuracy and efficiency. This AI tool enhances diagnostic precision, addressing overdiagnosis and overtreatment in cytopathology.

Keywords:

artificial intelligence cytopathological diagnosis fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC)thyroid nodules whole‐slide image (WSI)

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: A 3D Digital Model for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Nodules

Author Spotlight: A 3D Digital Model for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Nodules

Published on: May 19, 2023

Author Spotlight: Integrating Ultrasound Imaging with Biochemical Markers for Thyroid Disease Diagnosis

Author Spotlight: Integrating Ultrasound Imaging with Biochemical Markers for Thyroid Disease Diagnosis

Published on: February 9, 2024

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 15, 2026

A Swin Transformer-Based Model for Thyroid Nodule Detection in Ultrasound Images

A Swin Transformer-Based Model for Thyroid Nodule Detection in Ultrasound Images

Published on: April 21, 2023

Author Spotlight: A 3D Digital Model for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Nodules

Author Spotlight: A 3D Digital Model for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Nodules

Published on: May 19, 2023

Author Spotlight: Integrating Ultrasound Imaging with Biochemical Markers for Thyroid Disease Diagnosis

Author Spotlight: Integrating Ultrasound Imaging with Biochemical Markers for Thyroid Disease Diagnosis

Published on: February 9, 2024

Area of Science:

Oncology
Medical Imaging
Artificial Intelligence

Background:

Rising thyroid nodule prevalence strains cytopathology resources, leading to overdiagnosis and overtreatment.
Existing diagnostic methods face challenges in accuracy and efficiency for thyroid fine-needle aspiration (TFNA).

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and validate AI-TFNA, an artificial intelligence platform for enhanced thyroid nodule diagnosis.
To improve diagnostic accuracy, clinical efficiency, and generalizability across diverse healthcare settings.

Main Methods:

Trained AI-TFNA on 4,421 TFNA samples from three Chinese hospitals, with data from seven medical centers (20,803 samples total).
Validated AI-TFNA performance using internal and external cohorts (2,153 samples).
Incorporated BRAF mutation data and Image Appearance Migration (IAM) for a multi-modal model.

Main Results:

Internal validation showed high accuracy (TBS I: 93.27%), sensitivity (TBS V: 85.37%, TBS VI: 83.78%), and specificity (TBS II: 97.13%).
External validation confirmed robust generalizability.
IAM improved AI-TFNA sensitivity by 1.90% and specificity by 8.12%.

Conclusions:

AI-TFNA provides rapid, reliable decision support for thyroid nodule diagnostics.
The AI platform demonstrates strong potential to advance thyroid nodule diagnosis, reduce overtreatment, and improve patient outcomes.