A Case of Myelodysplastic Syndrome-Induced Acquired Sideroblastic Anemia

Hematological disorders are frequently encountered at the doctor's office and in the emergency room. Sideroblastic anemia, a rare hematological malady, is characterized by ring sideroblasts in the red blood cells due to accumulation of poorly transported and underutilized iron. Unlike primary sideroblastic anemia which can be conclusively diagnosed through genetic testing, the more common secondary form of the disease requires intricate cascading of several preliminary and confirmatory laboratory testing to determine the accurate etiology and provide the appropriate management regimen. The scope of laboratory medicine is broadening; clinical chemists and other laboratorians are tasked with directing broader clinical pathology sections, including Core lab hematology. Understanding the testing dynamics, diagnostic criteria and management of hematological diseases is fundamental to attaining success in consulting with providers to manage diseases such as sideroblastic anemia. Via a relevant case study, we explore the etiology, workup, symptoms, and treatment of myelodysplastic syndrome-induced sideroblastic anemia.