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Forest Restoration in Low- and Middle-Income Countries.

Jeffrey R Vincent1, Sara R Curran2, Mark S Ashton3

  • 1Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA.

Annual Review of Environment and Resources
|October 16, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review explores forest restoration (FR) in low- and middle-income countries, examining trends, drivers like wood scarcity and migration, and ecological factors. It discusses interventions needed to scale up FR for global goals.

Keywords:
afforestationforest restorationforest transitionmigrationpayments for ecosystem servicesreforestation

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Social Science
  • Forestry

Background:

  • International initiatives aim for global forest restoration.
  • Focus on restoration on cleared land in low- and middle-income countries.
  • Broader definition of restoration beyond native forests considered.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Synthesize natural and social science research on forest restoration (FR).
  • Examine trends and indicators of FR and forest transitions.
  • Investigate drivers of forest recovery and restoration interventions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review synthesizing natural and social science research.
  • Organized around forest transition theory.
  • Examined trends, drivers (wood scarcity, migration), ecological/silvicultural aspects, and interventions.

Main Results:

  • Recent trends in FR and forest transition indicators analyzed.
  • Wood scarcity, climate change mitigation, migration, and land use dynamics explored as drivers.
  • Ecological and silvicultural aspects of restoration on cleared land reviewed.

Conclusions:

  • Interventions to promote restoration identified.
  • Challenges in scaling up restoration to meet international goals discussed.
  • Broader definition of restoration may increase landholder adoption.