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Boxplot01:12

Boxplot

Box plots (also called box-and-whisker plots or box-whisker plots) give an excellent graphical image of the concentration of the data. They also show how far the extreme values are from most data. A box plot is constructed from five values: the minimum value, the first quartile, the median, the third quartile, and the maximum value. We use these values to compare how close other data values are to them. To construct a box plot, use a horizontal or vertical number line and a rectangular box. The...
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Impact Strength of Concrete

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Concussions analysis in 2022-2024 CONMEBOL soccer tournaments.

Osvaldo Pangrazio1, Francisco Forriol2, Alex S Aguirre3

  • 1Department of Orthopedics, South American Football Confederation (CONMEBOL), Luque, Paraguay.

Frontiers in Neurology
|October 16, 2025
PubMed
Summary

A new concussion protocol in South American soccer successfully identified 27 sports-related concussions (SRC). This culturally adapted approach highlights the need for context-specific guidelines in global concussion detection.

Keywords:
brainconcussionglobalprotocolsoccertrauma

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Medicine
  • Neurology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Sports-related concussions (SRC) pose a significant global health challenge.
  • The Global South faces disparities in standardized concussion diagnostic criteria and medical resources.
  • Limited data exists on SRC detection and incidence in South American soccer.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To implement and evaluate a culturally adapted concussion detection protocol in South American soccer.
  • To assess the feasibility and effectiveness of the Concussion Fast Recognition Protocol (CFRP) in a real-world setting.
  • To identify incidence rates and risk factors associated with SRC in this population.

Main Methods:

  • Developed the Concussion Fast Recognition Protocol (CFRP) by adapting existing concussion assessment tools with community input.
  • Translated the CFRP into English, Spanish, and Portuguese for cultural relevance.
  • On-field medical teams administered the CFRP to 5,928 players across 156 matches between 2022 and 2024.

Main Results:

  • A total of 27 sports-related concussions were identified and players were immediately removed from play.
  • The incidence rate of SRC was calculated at 2.61 per 1,000 player-hours.
  • Concussions were most frequent during the 21-45 minute mark (37.04%) and more prevalent in away-team athletes (59.26%).

Conclusions:

  • The CFRP was successfully implemented on a large scale in South American soccer.
  • The study provides novel data on SRC incidence and context-related risk factors in the region.
  • Culturally appropriate protocols are crucial for effective concussion management globally.