Dual task function differences in chronic low back pain: a narrative review

Chronic low back pain (CLBP) presents complex challenges, with traditional treatments offering only moderate relief. Emerging evidence suggests that impairments in dual task performance-simultaneous cognitive and motor processing-may contribute to CLBP persistence. This narrative review examined 10 studies comparing individuals with CLBP to healthy controls using various dual task paradigms. Findings indicated consistent deficits in gait variability, balance control, and muscle activation patterns among CLBP participants, especially under cognitive load. Neurocognitive impairments, including delayed anticipatory postural adjustments and altered trunk control, were also observed. These deficits likely reflect disrupted sensorimotor integration and resource competition within the central nervous system due to chronic pain. Incorporating dual task interventions into rehabilitation may enhance outcomes by addressing both cognitive and motor domains. Future research should focus on standardized assessments, pain-related cognitive interactions, and neuroimaging methods to further explore these mechanisms and support targeted treatment strategies for CLBP.