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Sociodemographic Variation in Gratitude Using a Cross-National Analysis with 22 Countries.
Sakurako S Okuzono1, Richard G Cowden2,3, Noah Padgett2,3
1Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, United States.
International Journal of Applied Positive Psychology
|October 16, 2025
Summary
Gratitude levels vary significantly across 22 countries, with Indonesia showing the highest and Japan the lowest. Older age, being female, married, and religious attendance are linked to higher gratitude globally.
Area of Science:
- Psychology
- Sociology
- Global Health
Background:
- Gratitude is a key positive emotion with implications for well-being.
- Understanding global variations in gratitude and associated factors is crucial for mental health research.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore the global distribution of gratitude across diverse countries.
- To identify sociodemographic factors associated with variations in gratitude levels.
Main Methods:
- Utilized nationally representative data from the Global Flourishing Study (N=202,898).
- Conducted descriptive analyses of gratitude distribution across 22 countries.
- Performed random-effects meta-analyses to aggregate sociodemographic differences in gratitude.
Main Results:
- Significant variation in mean gratitude was observed, with Indonesia (M=8.93) highest and Japan (M=5.81) lowest.
- Globally, higher gratitude was associated with older age, female gender, marriage, immigrant status, higher education, and frequent religious service attendance.
- Sociodemographic differences in gratitude showed some country-specific variations.
Conclusions:
- Gratitude distribution is not uniform globally, influenced by country-level factors.
- Specific sociodemographic groups consistently report higher gratitude across diverse nations.
- Findings offer insights for targeted interventions to promote gratitude in various populations.
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