Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Overview01:26

1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Overview

3.9K
Nitrous acid and nitric acids are two types of acids containing nitrogen, among which nitrous acid is weaker than nitric acid. Nitrous acid with a pKa value of 3.37 ionizes in water to give a nitrite ion and the hydronium ion.
The nitrous acid is unstable. Hence, it is formed in situ from a solution of sodium nitrite and cold aqueous acids such as hydrochloric or sulfuric acid. In an acidic solution, the –OH group of nitrous acid undergoes protonation to give oxonium ion, followed by...
3.9K
Urea Cycle01:23

Urea Cycle

49.6K
The urea cycle describes how liver cells convert ammonia to urea. Ammonia is a toxic waste product of protein catabolism. Land animals must convert ammonia into the less toxic urea which can be safely eliminated by the kidneys through urine. Marine animals excrete ammonia directly, and the surrounding water dilutes the ammonia to safe levels.
49.6K
1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Mechanism01:37

1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Mechanism

4.8K
Nitrous acid is a relatively weak and unstable acid prepared in situ by the reaction of sodium nitrite and cold, dilute hydrochloric acid. In an acidic solution, the nitrous acid undergoes protonation when it loses water to form a nitrosonium ion—an electrophile. Nitrous acid reacts with primary amines to give diazonium salts. The reaction is called diazotization of primary amines.
4.8K
Nitrosation of Enols01:19

Nitrosation of Enols

8.8K
The nitrosation reaction is one of the methods of preparing 1,2-diketones. The enol tautomer of the starting ketone reacts with sodium nitrite in hydrochloric acid, generating the 1,2-diketone after hydrolysis.
8.8K
2° Amines to N-Nitrosamines: Reaction with NaNO201:20

2° Amines to N-Nitrosamines: Reaction with NaNO2

5.3K
Secondary amines react with nitrous acid to form N-nitrosamines, as depicted in Figure 1. Nitrous acid, a weak and unstable acid, is formed in situ from an aqueous solution of sodium nitrite and strong acids, such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, in cold conditions. In the presence of an acid, the nitrous acid gets protonated. The subsequent loss of water results in the formation of the electrophile known as nitrosonium ion.
5.3K
Preparation of Amines: Reduction of Oximes and Nitro Compounds01:29

Preparation of Amines: Reduction of Oximes and Nitro Compounds

4.6K
Oximes can be reduced to primary amines using catalytic hydrogenation, hydride reduction, or sodium metal reduction. The reduction of aliphatic and aromatic nitro compounds to primary amines takes place by either catalytic hydrogenation or by using active metals like Fe, Zn, and Sn in the presence of an acid.
Though catalytic hydrogenation can reduce nitrobenzenes, the reduction is nonselective in the presence of other functional groups. For instance, if nitrobenzene contains an aldehyde group,...
4.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Iron 3D-Orbital Configuration Dependent Electron Transfer for Efficient Fenton-Like Catalysis.

Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2023
Same author

Electrochemically stable frustrated Lewis pairs on dual-metal hydroxides for electrocatalytic CO<sub>2</sub> reduction.

Dalton transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)·2023
Same author

A Template Editing Strategy to Create Interlayer-Confined Active Species for Efficient and Durable Oxygen Evolution Reaction.

Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)·2022
Same author

N-Doped Graphene-Coated Commercial Pt/C Catalysts toward High-Stability and Antipoisoning in Oxygen Reduction Reaction.

The journal of physical chemistry letters·2022
Same author

Selectively triggering photoelectromacro for CO<sub>2</sub>to CH<sub>4</sub>reduction over SrTiO<sub>3</sub>{110} facet with dual-metal sites.

Nanotechnology·2021
Same author

One-step synthesis of IrO<sub></sub>-decorated ultrathin NiFe LDH nanosheets for efficient oxygen evolution reaction.

Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)·2020

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 15, 2026

Author Spotlight: A Rapid, Microwave-Assisted Hydrothermal Synthesis Of Nickel Hydroxide Nanosheets
07:57

Author Spotlight: A Rapid, Microwave-Assisted Hydrothermal Synthesis Of Nickel Hydroxide Nanosheets

Published on: August 18, 2023

2.5K

Study on voltage-selective urea oxidation over NiTi@Ni(OH)2.

Taozhu Li1, Yu Liang2

  • 1Super Hard Material Industry Technology Research Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China.

Dalton Transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)
|October 16, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Nickel-titanium (NiTi) alloys form a nickel hydroxide layer for efficient urea electrooxidation. Applied voltage controls selectivity between urea and water oxidation, offering a new control method.

More Related Videos

Protein Film Infrared Electrochemistry Demonstrated for Study of H2 Oxidation by a [NiFe] Hydrogenase
10:01

Protein Film Infrared Electrochemistry Demonstrated for Study of H2 Oxidation by a [NiFe] Hydrogenase

Published on: December 4, 2017

12.7K
Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction
10:57

Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction

Published on: April 10, 2018

19.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 15, 2026

Author Spotlight: A Rapid, Microwave-Assisted Hydrothermal Synthesis Of Nickel Hydroxide Nanosheets
07:57

Author Spotlight: A Rapid, Microwave-Assisted Hydrothermal Synthesis Of Nickel Hydroxide Nanosheets

Published on: August 18, 2023

2.5K
Protein Film Infrared Electrochemistry Demonstrated for Study of H2 Oxidation by a [NiFe] Hydrogenase
10:01

Protein Film Infrared Electrochemistry Demonstrated for Study of H2 Oxidation by a [NiFe] Hydrogenase

Published on: December 4, 2017

12.7K
Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction
10:57

Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction

Published on: April 10, 2018

19.0K

Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Nickel-titanium (NiTi) alloys possess unique electrochemical activity and chemical stability.
  • NiTi alloys are explored for applications in urea electrooxidation.
  • Surface modification is key to enhancing catalytic efficiency.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the electrocatalytic properties of NiTi alloys for urea oxidation.
  • To explore the formation of a nickel hydroxide layer on NiTi alloys.
  • To determine the potential-dependent selectivity of NiTi@Ni(OH)2 for urea versus water oxidation.

Main Methods:

  • Electrochemical cyclic voltammetry treatment of NiTi alloys.
  • Surface characterization of the modified NiTi alloy.
  • Electrochemical studies to analyze reaction selectivity.

Main Results:

  • A highly catalytic Ni(OH)2 layer formed on NiTi alloys via electrochemical treatment.
  • Enhanced efficiency in urea electrooxidation using the NiTi@Ni(OH)2 system.
  • Demonstrated voltage-dependent selectivity: urea oxidation below 1.47 V, water oxidation above 1.54 V.

Conclusions:

  • NiTi@Ni(OH)2 is an effective electrocatalyst for urea oxidation.
  • Applied potential can precisely control selectivity between urea and water oxidation.
  • This provides a novel strategy for selectivity control in electrochemical reactions.