A relational model of wellbeing-centered recovery in alcohol use disorder

Wellbeing is a key element among the prevailing definitions of recovery from alcohol use disorder. However, there is an increasing need to develop a unified framework for recovery conceptualization and characterization of its components, as well as the mechanisms to achieve it. The objective of the study was to test a model relating the dimensions involved in recovery. A total of 348 participants with different periods of abstinence (range:1 month-28 years) were assessed using self-reports of psychological well-being, quality of life, negative emotionality and coping strategies. Statistical analyses entailed an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to uncover the underlying dimensions of psychological measures and a structural equation model (SEM) to elucidate their interrelations. The EFA identified 3 factors that explained 54.95% of the variance: i) Coping; ii) Functional Discomfort (emotional management and recovery capital); iii) Positive Mental Health (well-being and quality of life). The SEM demonstrated robust fit indices (GFI = 1.00, SRMR = .137) and explained 85% of the variance in well-being (R2 = .85). The results suggest that during recovery in AUD, abstinence duration propels coping strategies which can ameliorate negative emotionality and enable an increase in personal and social resources. This process ultimately contributes to heightened well-being and an enhanced quality of life. The study represents a first methodologically sound proposal in Spain for a clinical recovery model centered on well-being. Its comprehensive paradigm not only reshapes our understanding of AUD recovery but also establishes a robust foundation for more efficacious clinical interventions and evaluations.