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Hypothyroidism in Children with Chronic Kidney Disease: An Observational Study

Aditi Das1, Abhijeet Saha2, Rachita Singh Dhull1

  • 1Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Lady Hardinge Medical College and Associated Kalawati Saran Children's Hospital, New Delhi, India.

Indian Pediatrics
|October 16, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Hypothyroidism affects 26% of children with chronic kidney disease (CKD). This condition is more prevalent in advanced CKD stages and with higher levels of proteinuria, indicating a link between kidney function and thyroid health.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Nephrology
  • Endocrinology
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a significant health concern in children.
  • Thyroid dysfunction, particularly hypothyroidism, can impact overall health and disease progression.
  • The prevalence of hypothyroidism in pediatric CKD populations requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of hypothyroidism in children diagnosed with chronic kidney disease.
  • To explore the association between hypothyroidism and the stage of CKD.
  • To investigate the relationship between hypothyroidism and proteinuria levels in pediatric CKD patients.

Main Methods:

  • An observational, hospital-based study was conducted.
  • Fifty children aged 1-18 years with diagnosed CKD were enrolled.
  • Serum free thyroxine and thyroid-stimulating hormone levels were measured to diagnose hypothyroidism. Urinary protein-to-creatinine ratio (UP:UC) was assessed.

Main Results:

  • Out of 50 children, 13 (26%) were diagnosed with hypothyroidism.
  • Hypothyroidism incidence was 23% in CKD stages 2/3 and 27% in CKD stages ≥4.
  • Hypothyroidism was observed in 20% of patients with UP:UC between 0.2 and <2, and 39.1% with UP:UC >2. No cases of detectable thyroid peroxidase antibodies were found.

Conclusions:

  • Hypothyroidism is a common comorbidity in children with chronic kidney disease.
  • The prevalence of hypothyroidism increases with advanced CKD stages and higher degrees of proteinuria.
  • Routine screening for hypothyroidism is recommended in pediatric CKD patients, especially those with significant proteinuria.

Keywords:
CKDProteinuriaThyroid peroxidase antibodyeGFR

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