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Income Support Needs and Bedside Legal Assistance for Patients Recovering From Violent Injuries.

Elizabeth L Tung^1,2, Rhea Pillai¹, Nisha Sen-Gupta¹

¹Section of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.

JAMA Network Open

|October 16, 2025

Summary

Patients recovering from violent injuries have significant legal needs, especially for income support. Medical-legal partnerships can address these needs, improving access to public benefits and financial stability.

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Area of Science:

Public Health
Health Services Research
Legal Medicine

Background:

Economic exclusion presents significant challenges in violence reduction and recovery programs.
Medical-legal partnerships (MLPs) are recognized for addressing poverty and enhancing access to public benefits.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the legal needs and public benefits access among patients in a bedside MLP program for violent injury recovery.
To assess the effectiveness of legal interventions in securing financial benefits for trauma patients.

Main Methods:

A cohort study was conducted at a level 1 trauma center involving patients recovering from violent injuries.
Legal needs were screened using the I-HELP tool and an 18-item public benefits assessment.
Financial benefits were tracked as lump sum and annualized amounts.

Main Results:

Nearly all participants (94.8%) screened had at least one legal need, primarily concerning income (89.3%), housing (64.3%), and employment (59.5%).
Legal assistance led to the closure of 409 cases, with 134 cases resulting in direct legal representation and financial benefits totaling over $747,000.
Need for assistance was linked to higher neighborhood disadvantage.

Conclusions:

Patients recovering from violent injuries exhibit widespread legal needs, with a strong emphasis on income support and public benefits.
Legal assistance, though underutilized in violence recovery, offers a practical pathway to increase access to essential income support and public benefits programs.