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Discrimination Experiences Among Medical Students.

Mytien Nguyen¹, Shruthi Venkataraman², Gabriel Abrams³

¹Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.

JAMA Network Open

|October 16, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Medical students with disabilities (MSWD) face higher rates of general, gender-based, and race-based discrimination. Intersectional analysis reveals heightened discrimination risks for Asian, Black, and Hispanic female MSWD.

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Area of Science:

Medical Education
Health Disparities
Social Determinants of Health

Background:

Discrimination in medical school affects students based on race, ethnicity, sex, and sexual orientation.
Experiences of discrimination among medical students with disabilities and the impact of intersecting identities are understudied.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the association between disability status, sex, race, and ethnicity and experiences of general, gender-based, and race-based discrimination in medical school.
To explore the intersectional impact of these identities on discrimination.

Main Methods:

Cross-sectional study surveying graduating medical students from US accredited MD-granting institutions (2020-2022).
Modified Poisson regression was used to calculate relative risks for various discrimination types.
Analysis included disability status, sex, race, ethnicity, and their intersections.

Main Results:

Medical students with disabilities (MSWD) reported higher rates of general (RR, 1.57), gender-based (RR, 1.64), race-based (RR, 1.55), and multiple discrimination (RR, 1.82) compared to peers without disabilities.
Asian, Black, and Hispanic female MSWD experienced significantly higher risks of general and race-based discrimination compared to White male students without disabilities.
Specific intersectional groups, such as Asian and Black female MSWD, showed the highest relative risks for multiple types of discrimination.

Conclusions:

Disability status is independently associated with increased discrimination in medical school.
Intersectional identities, particularly for female students of color with disabilities, amplify experiences of discrimination.
Addressing intersecting forms of discrimination is crucial for supporting medical students with disabilities.