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Assessment of Nutritional Status Using Body Composition Analysis in Cardiac Surgery and Risk Association with Acute

Georgi Abraham1, Vijayashree Nagarajan2, Milly Mathew3

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Poor nutritional status in cardiac surgery patients increases risks for acute kidney injury (AKI). This study found that higher preoperative visceral fat area and body fat percentage were linked to AKI development, with significant postsurgical body fat loss observed.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Nephrology
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Poor nutritional status is a known risk factor for adverse outcomes, including acute kidney injury (AKI), following cardiac surgery.
  • Limited data exists on the specific nutritional status of cardiac surgery patients and its correlation with AKI risk.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the nutritional status of cardiac surgery patients using body composition measures (BCM) and biochemical parameters.
  • To investigate the relationship between preoperative nutritional status and the development of postoperative AKI.

Main Methods:

  • Body composition analysis (BCM) was performed on adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery on preoperative and postoperative day 5.
  • Paired t-tests were used to compare pre- and postoperative BCM data.
  • Nutritional parameters including body mass index (BMI), protein weight, body fat percentage (PBF), skeletal muscle mass, and visceral fat area (VFA) were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • The majority of patients were overweight preoperatively (mean BMI ±26.55 kg/m²).
  • A significant loss of body fat occurred postoperatively, which was more pronounced in patients who developed AKI.
  • Patients who developed AKI had higher preoperative visceral fat area (VFA) and percentage body fat (PBF) compared to those without AKI.

Conclusions:

  • Preoperative nutritional status, particularly higher visceral fat area and body fat percentage, may be associated with an increased risk of developing AKI after cardiac surgery.
  • Significant postsurgical body fat loss is a common finding in cardiac surgery patients.
  • Further research is warranted to explore the role of nutritional interventions in mitigating AKI risk in this population.