Recent Development and Modification of Perovskite-Based CO₂ Electrolysis Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cell Cathode

Electrochemical reduction reaction of carbon dioxide (CO₂RR) to carbon monoxide (CO) via high-temperature solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs) offers a promising pathway for reducing carbon dioxide emissions and achieving carbon neutrality, addressing critical challenges in climate change mitigation and sustainable energy transition. However, the commercialization of this technology is still hindered by poor cathode activity and cathode degradation. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the cathode materials for CO₂RR to CO in SOECs, with a particular focus on perovskite-based cathodes, their modification strategies, and recent research advances. The thermodynamic fundamentals of CO₂ reduction and the mechanistic pathways of CO₂ conversion on perovskite surfaces are summarized. Various perovskite cathode materials and their corresponding electrochemical performances achieved through different modification approaches are reviewed. Furthermore, the influence factors, including temperature, applied potential, CO₂ feeding concentration, and electrode thickness, on SOEC performance highlighted in detail. Recent progress in the exploration of large-scale applications for high-temperature CO₂ electrolysis is also discussed. Finally, the major challenges and future perspectives in this field are outlined. This review provides a comprehensive understanding of the current state of research on perovskite-based SOEC cathodes and offers valuable insights into the further development and practical application of SOEC technologies.