Morphological MRI knee phantoms: Design, preliminary results, and perspectives for applied research

There is currently no MRI phantom capable of generating high-precision anatomical images in musculoskeletal (MSK) imaging. Yet, such phantoms, also referred to as "super-phantoms", could offer substantial value for MRI sequence testing, optimization, and applied research.

In this study, we focused on the knee region, creating phantoms based on reference MRI slices. Using computer-aided design (CAD) software, detailed anatomical structures were modeled, 3D printed, and filled with tissue-mimicking gels. MRI acquisitions were then performed to evaluate the potential of these tools.

The resulting images demonstrated high anatomical fidelity and clinically realistic MRI-weighted contrasts. These phantoms show promise for a range of applications, including training, sequence optimization, hardware evaluation, and ethical aspects.

Although technical refinements are needed to improve long-term stability and achieve more accurate relaxometry, the phantoms hold strong potential for supporting applied MRI research.

This new type of phantom can be considered an original and versatile tool for sequence development and hardware comparison. Moreover, it represents a valuable means to promote evidence-based practices and encourage MRI professionals (e.g. radiographers) to engage in applied research initiatives.