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The association between sleep variability and cognitive function: A systematic review and meta analysis.

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Higher sleep variability negatively impacts cognitive performance, especially in older adults. This meta-analysis confirms the link between sleep irregularity and poorer cognition, highlighting age as a key moderator.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Sleep Science
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Sleep variability, or irregularity, significantly affects physical, mental, and cardiovascular health.
  • While its impact on various health domains is established, the relationship between sleep variability and cognitive health remains debated.
  • Cognitive health is a crucial component of overall sleep health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between sleep variability and cognitive performance.
  • To identify potential moderators, such as age, gender, and cultural background, influencing this relationship.
  • To synthesize existing evidence through a comprehensive meta-analysis.

Main Methods:

  • A three-level meta-analysis was conducted.
  • Data were systematically searched and extracted from PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases.
  • Twenty studies comprising 103 effect sizes (N = 15,828) were included in the final analysis.

Main Results:

  • Higher sleep variability was significantly associated with poorer cognitive performance (r = -0.12, p < 0.001).
  • Age was identified as a significant moderator, with the association being stronger in older adults compared to adolescents and middle-aged adults.
  • Gender and cultural background did not significantly moderate the relationship between sleep variability and cognition.

Conclusions:

  • This meta-analysis confirms a significant negative impact of sleep variability on cognitive health.
  • Older adults exhibit greater susceptibility of cognitive function to sleep variability.
  • Findings provide evidence for developing sleep policies and interventions, particularly for dementia prevention in older populations.