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Interfacing extracellular vesicles with bioengineered materials for regenerative medicine.

Kristiyan Stiliyanov-Atanasov¹, Sara Bagur-Cardona¹, Silvia Chiera¹

¹Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma 07120, Spain; Research Unit, Son Espases University Hospital (HUSE), Palma 07122, Spain; Group of Cell Therapy and Tissue Engineering (TERCIT), Research Institute on Health Sciences (IUNICS), University of the Balearic Islands (UIB), Ctra. Valldemossa km 7.5, Palma 07122, Spain.

Acta Biomaterialia

|October 16, 2025

Summary

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) show promise in regenerative medicine. Integrating EVs with biomaterials improves their stability and targeting, overcoming limitations for enhanced therapeutic applications in tissue repair.

Keywords:

Biomaterials Extracellular vesicles Hydrogels Polymers Regenerative Medicine Tissue engineering

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Isolation, Characterization, and Therapeutic Application of Extracellular Vesicles from Cultured Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells

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Published on: September 23, 2022

Area of Science:

Biomaterials Science
Regenerative Medicine
Cell Biology

Background:

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are potent cell-free therapeutics for regenerative medicine.
Clinical translation is hindered by rapid clearance and poor targeting of EVs.
Bioengineering offers solutions by integrating EVs with biomaterials.

Purpose of the Study:

To review strategies for interfacing EVs with biomaterials.
To discuss applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
To address challenges and solutions for clinical translation of EV-biomaterial hybrids.

Main Methods:

Analysis of literature on EV-biomaterial interfaces.
Examination of hydrogels, scaffolds, and implantable materials for EV integration.
Review of different EVs sources and immobilization techniques.

Main Results:

EVs integrated with biomaterials exhibit enhanced stability, bioavailability, and controlled release.
Various biomaterials (hydrogels, scaffolds) effectively host EVs.
Physical entrapment and covalent binding are key immobilization strategies.

Conclusions:

EV-biomaterial hybrids represent a paradigm shift in regenerative medicine.
This integration enhances EV therapeutic potential for tissue repair and functional recovery.
Overcoming translational challenges is crucial for advancing EV-based therapies.