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Modeling and Simulations of Olfactory Drug Delivery with Passive and Active Controls of Nasally Inhaled Pharmaceutical Aerosols

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Nasoalveolar Molding.

Mairaj K Ahmed¹, Jeremiah Y Kim², Lisa R Jolly³

¹Division of Orthodontics, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Departments of Dentistry/Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Otolaryngology and Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Surgery, New York Eye and Ear Infirmary, New York, NY, USA.

Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America

|October 16, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Nasoalveolar molding (NAM) is a presurgical infant therapy for cleft lip and palate. It improves nasolabial aesthetics and may reduce revision surgeries and financial costs.

Keywords:

CLP Cleft lip and palate NAM Nasoalveolar molding PSIO Presurgical infant orthopedics

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Area of Science:

Craniofacial surgery
Pediatric dentistry
Orthodontics

Background:

Nasoalveolar molding (NAM) is a presurgical orthopedic treatment for infants with cleft lip and palate.
It aims to improve alveolar and nasolabial esthetics before surgical repair.
NAM offers significant clinical and psychosocial benefits for patients and caregivers.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide a comprehensive overview of Nasoalveolar molding (NAM) therapy.
To discuss clinical indications, treatment timelines, and challenges associated with NAM.
To highlight the potential of emerging digital workflows in NAM treatment.

Main Methods:

Review of clinical applications and variations in NAM appliances and protocols.
Discussion of patient, caregiver, and clinician experiences with NAM.
Exploration of digital workflow advancements in orthopedic therapy.

Main Results:

NAM treatment leads to improved palatal, alveolar, and nasolabial parameters.
Potential reduction in the need for revision surgeries and associated financial burden.
Positive psychosocial impact on caregivers and enhanced patient outcomes.

Conclusions:

Nasoalveolar molding is an effective presurgical intervention for cleft lip and palate.
Digital workflows show promise for optimizing NAM treatment and patient care.
Continued research and development in NAM protocols are essential for advancing care.