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Traditional Injection Therapy for Osteoarthritis: Do They Work and Are They Safe?

Matthew Hakim Nasra1, Abhinaba Chatterjee1, Kenneth Zaslav1

  • 1Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Lenox Hill Hospital, 130 East 77th Street, New York, NY 10075, USA.

Clinics in Sports Medicine
|October 16, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Corticosteroid and hyaluronic acid injections are common treatments for knee osteoarthritis pain and function. This review examines their effectiveness and safety for managing this common joint disease.

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Rheumatology
  • Sports Medicine

Background:

  • Osteoarthritis is a prevalent degenerative joint disease, frequently impacting the knee.
  • Conservative management strategies are crucial for symptom relief and functional improvement in knee osteoarthritis.
  • Corticosteroid and hyaluronic acid injections represent primary non-surgical treatment modalities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the efficacy and safety of corticosteroid injections for knee osteoarthritis.
  • To review the efficacy and safety of hyaluronic acid injections for knee osteoarthritis.
  • To evaluate the comparative utility of these injections in managing knee osteoarthritis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of clinical trials and observational studies.
Keywords:
CartilageCorticosteroidHyaluronic acidIntra-articular injectionOsteoarthritis

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  • Analysis of studies reporting pain reduction and functional improvement outcomes.
  • Assessment of adverse events and safety profiles for both injection types.

    • Main Results:

    • Corticosteroid injections offer short-term pain relief for knee osteoarthritis.
    • Hyaluronic acid injections provide moderate, sustained pain relief and functional improvement.
    • Both treatments are generally well-tolerated, with specific safety considerations for each.

    Conclusions:

    • Corticosteroid and hyaluronic acid injections are valuable conservative options for knee osteoarthritis.
    • The choice between injections depends on symptom severity, duration of relief desired, and patient factors.
    • Further research may clarify optimal patient selection and long-term outcomes for these interventions.