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Updated: Jan 14, 2026

A Modified Sonographic Algorithm for Image Acquisition in Life-Threatening Emergencies in the Critically Ill Newborn

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Fluid Therapy in the Neonatal or Pediatric Patient.

Jamie M Burkitt-Creedon¹, Karen Michelle Vernau¹

¹Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.

The Veterinary Clinics of North America. Small Animal Practice

|October 16, 2025

Summary

This review covers fluid therapy for young animals, highlighting their unique needs. Proper fluid and electrolyte management is crucial for survival in puppies and kittens.

Keywords:

Dehydration Hypovolemia Neonatal fluid requirements Neonatal fluid therapy Pediatric veterinary medicine Shock fluid therapy Tube feeding kittens

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A Novel Approach for the Administration of Medications and Fluids in Emergency Scenarios and Settings

A Novel Approach for the Administration of Medications and Fluids in Emergency Scenarios and Settings

Published on: November 9, 2016

Area of Science:

Veterinary Medicine
Pediatric Animal Care

Background:

Neonatal and pediatric animals, including puppies and kittens, have distinct physiological requirements.
Their fluid and electrolyte needs differ significantly from adult animals.

Purpose of the Study:

To review essential fluid therapy principles for puppies and kittens.
To emphasize tailored strategies for this vulnerable population.

Main Methods:

Review of current literature on pediatric fluid therapy.
Discussion of clinical signs, diagnostics, and administration routes.
Outline of maintenance rates and rehydration protocols.

Main Results:

Puppies and kittens have higher and distinct fluid and electrolyte requirements.
Enteral administration is preferred, with IV and IO for severe cases.
Rapid and appropriate fluid replacement is vital for dehydration, ongoing losses, and shock.

Conclusions:

Close monitoring and individualized treatment plans are necessary.
Effective fluid management significantly improves survival and health outcomes in young animals.