[Nutrition and dietary supplements in age-related macular degeneration]

Nutrition has an influence on the condition of our retina and appears to play a role in the complex, multifactorial pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

This article summarizes the current epidemiological evidence on nutrition and AMD and discusses the intake of specific nutrients as well as nutritional supplements and their potential role in prevention and disease modification.

A narrative literature review of epidemiological studies, clinical trials and experimental work on the role of individual micronutrients, supplements and dietary patterns in AMD was carried out.

There is evidence of a protective effect for individual nutrients such as lutein, zeaxanthin, zinc and omega‑3 fatty acids. The AREDS studies in particular show a reduction in the progression of intermediate AMD to late stages through defined supplements. In addition, a Mediterranean diet correlates with a reduced risk of AMD. Nevertheless, the study results remain contradictory in some cases, which is due to methodological limitations and the complex pathogenesis of AMD.

Nutrition can potentially influence and reduce the risk for and progression of AMD. The existing literature underlines the potential of nutrition-based approaches, which must be further investigated in the future.