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Flow Cytometry01:23

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The development of flow cytometry techniques began in 1934 with initial attempts by Andrew Moldavan, a bacteriologist who counted the cells in a flowing capillary system. Moldavan pumped cells through a capillary tube focused under a microscope for visualization. The invention of photometry allowed the measurement of differentially-stained cells, and Louis Kamentsky developed the first multiparameter flow cytometer in 1965 to identify and count the cancer cells in cervical tissue specimens.
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A proteome is the entire set of proteins that a cell type produces. We can study proteomes using the knowledge of genomes because genes code for mRNAs, and the mRNAs encode proteins. Although mRNA analysis is a step in the right direction, not all mRNAs are translated into proteins.
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Sample Preparation for Mass Cytometry Analysis
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Navigating the data processing for cytometry-based single-cell proteomics.

Huaicheng Sun1,2, Yuan Zhou1, Ruoyu Jiang1,3

  • 1College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.

Nature Protocols
|October 16, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

ANPELA is a new tool that screens thousands of proteomic data processing workflows to find the best ones for single-cell proteomics (SCP) studies. It helps researchers identify cell subpopulations and trajectories, making complex biological data analysis easier.

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Area of Science:

  • Proteomics
  • Computational Biology
  • Data Science

Background:

  • Single-cell proteomics (SCP) offers high-resolution biological insights.
  • Processing SCP data involves numerous workflows, making optimal selection challenging.
  • Identifying effective data processing strategies is crucial for robust SCP analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop ANPELA, a novel method for large-scale screening of SCP data processing workflows.
  • To enable comparison of thousands of workflows for identifying cell subpopulations and pseudo-time trajectories.
  • To provide a user-friendly, accessible tool for optimizing SCP data analysis.

Main Methods:

  • ANPELA employs machine learning for large-scale screening of proteomic data processing workflows.
  • It compares workflow performance in cell subpopulation identification and pseudo-time trajectory inference.
  • A package is deployed for multi-scenario usability (desktop, R, online) and data security.

Main Results:

  • ANPELA successfully identifies optimal data processing workflows for cytometry-based SCP studies.
  • The tool facilitates the comparison of thousands of processing pipelines.
  • Case studies demonstrate ANPELA's effectiveness in navigating complex proteomic data.

Conclusions:

  • ANPELA provides an out-of-the-box solution for navigating proteomic data processing.
  • It is accessible to a broad audience, including non-coders, enhancing SCP research.
  • The tool is freely available, promoting wider adoption and data-driven biological discovery.