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Adolescent literacy, trust, and acceptance of vaccines before and after educational intervention: protocol for a
Bruna Hinnah Borges Martins de Freitas1, Jaqueline Costa Lima2, Ana Lucia Sartori3
1Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Campus Cuiabá, Fernando Corrêa da Costa Avenue, 2367 - Boa Esperança, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil. bruna.freitas@ufmt.br.
Background:
Health literacy is essential for understanding and using health information, influencing both individual and collective decision-making. In the context of vaccination, vaccine literacy helps individuals comprehend the risks and benefits, combating vaccine hesitancy. Adolescents, in particular, face challenges related to misinformation and negative perceptions about vaccines. This study aims to describe the protocol of a mixed-methods study designed to analyze vaccine literacy, trust, and acceptance among adolescents before and after an educational intervention, considering their sociodemographic, economic, and health characteristics.
Methods:
The quasi-experimental mixed-methods research will be structured into five phases: (1) Pre-intervention quantitative phase; (2) Pre-intervention qualitative phase; (3) Development, validation, and application of Care-Educational Technologies (CET); (4) Post-intervention quantitative phase; (5) Post-intervention qualitative phase. Adolescents aged 10 to 19 years, from public and private schools in five Brazilian capitals, will participate in the study. Data collection will include the Health Literacy Vaccinale (HLV), Vaccine Trust Gauge (VTG), Vaccine Acceptance Instrument (VAI-SV), and a sociodemographic questionnaire. Qualitative interviews will explore adolescents' perceptions of literacy, trust, and vaccine acceptance. The CET will be validated in another municipality before its implementation. The intervention will focus on adolescents with varying levels of literacy, trust, and vaccine acceptance, assessing the implementation's impact using the same instruments. The post-intervention qualitative phase will include participants intentionally selected to represent improvements, stability, or reductions in these levels.
Discussion:
The educational intervention is expected to increase vaccine literacy, trust, and acceptance among adolescents. The results may provide valuable insights into the factors influencing these aspects, contributing to more effective public vaccination policies. The validated CET could become a crucial tool for improving vaccine adherence, promoting a positive impact on public health.
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