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How to screen and diagnose hypertension
George S Stergiou1, Grzegorz Bilo2,3, Miguel Camafort4
1Hypertension Center STRIDE-7, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Third Department of Medicine, Sotiria Hospital, Athens, Greece.
Insights
Accurate blood pressure measurement is key for hypertension management. Validated automated devices and out-of-office monitoring, like home or ambulatory monitoring, are recommended for diagnosis and treatment decisions.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Hypertension Management
- Medical Technology
Background:
- Blood pressure measurement is crucial for diagnosing and managing hypertension.
- International consensus exists on optimal technology and methodology for reliable blood pressure evaluation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To outline current best practices for blood pressure measurement.
- To emphasize the importance of validated automated devices and out-of-office monitoring.
Main Methods:
- Utilizing validated automated oscillometric upper-arm cuff blood pressure devices.
- Recommending standardized protocols for office, home, and 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring.
Main Results:
- Automated oscillometric devices are recommended for all measurement methods.
- Out-of-office monitoring (home or ambulatory) should primarily guide treatment decisions over office measurements.
- Standardized protocols are essential for maximizing diagnostic and treatment guidance potential.
Conclusions:
- Validated automated devices and out-of-office monitoring are essential for effective hypertension management.
- Further research is needed to optimize the clinical implementation of blood pressure measurement methods.
Abstract:
The measurement of blood pressure remains the cornerstone for diagnosing and managing individuals with hypertension. Today, there is international consensus on the optimal technology and methodology for reliable evaluation of blood pressure. Automated oscillometric upper-arm cuff blood pressure devices which have been properly validated are recommended for all measurement methods. Office blood pressure measurement remains an essential method, yet as much as possible, treatment decisions should be primarily based on out-of-office blood pressure monitoring at home or with 24-h ambulatory monitoring. It is important that established protocols are applied to standardize each of these methods in clinical practice, to exhaust their potential in diagnosing hypertension and guiding treatment-induced blood pressure decline. Despite the wide use of blood pressure measurement methods for too long time, there are still research questions regarding their optimal clinical implementation, which need to be addressed in future studies.
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