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Related Concept Videos

Fertilization01:38

Fertilization

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During fertilization, an egg and sperm cell fuse to create a new diploid structure. In humans, the process occurs once the egg has been released from the ovary, and travels into the fallopian tubes. The process requires several key steps: 1) sperm present in the genital tract must locate the egg; 2) once there, sperm need to release enzymes to help them burrow through the protective zona pellucida of the egg; and 3) the membranes of a single sperm cell and egg must fuse, with the sperm...
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Spermatogenesis01:41

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Spermatogenesis is the process by which haploid sperm cells are produced in the male testes. It starts with stem cells located close to the outer rim of seminiferous tubules. These spermatogonial stem cells divide asymmetrically to give rise to additional stem cells (meaning that these structures “self-renew”), as well as sperm progenitors, called spermatocytes. Importantly, this method of asymmetric mitotic division maintains a population of spermatogonial stem cells in the male...
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Spermatogenesis is a complex process that involves the development of sperm cells from undifferentiated stem cells in the seminiferous tubules of the testes. The process is essential for the production of mature and functional sperm cells that are capable of fertilizing an egg.
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Zygotic Development And Stem Cell Formation01:10

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The development of all multicellular organisms starts with the fusion of haploid cells called sperm and egg to form a diploid zygote. A zygote is a totipotent cell that can develop into a complete organism. The zygote undergoes cell division or cleavage to form an 8-cell mass. Until this stage, the cells are spherical, loosely attached, and remain totipotent. Totipotent cells are capable of developing both the embryonic and the extraembryonic tissues. However, as they continue to divide, they...
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The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
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Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying...
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Stable Isotope In-Vivo Labeling for Mass-Spectrometry Identification of Paternal Metabolites Transferred from Sperm to Oocyte During Fertilization
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Parental noncoding RNA expression dynamics across sperm, oocyte, and zygote.

Arpana Verma1, Byapti Ghosh1, Troyee Das1

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, Unified Academic Campus, Bose Institute, Kolkata 700091, India.

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Summary

Parental noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are crucial for fertilization, guiding germ cell development and early embryonic stages. This study identifies novel ncRNAs and reveals miRNA dynamics essential for reproductive success in mice.

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Biology
  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Fertilization involves parental information transfer via gametes, orchestrated by noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs).
  • Parental ncRNAs modify germ cell profiles for successful fertilization and support post-fertilization development.
  • Understanding ncRNA roles is key to comprehending reproductive processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively profile long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) from parental gametes in mice.
  • To identify novel lncRNAs involved in sperm and oocyte fertility.
  • To analyze miRNA expression dynamics between germ cells and zygotes, impacting fertilization and early development.

Main Methods:

  • In-depth meta-analysis of small and long RNA-sequencing data from mouse sperm, oocytes, and zygotes.
  • Subsequent validation through wet bench experiments.
  • Comparative analysis of RNA profiles across gametes and early embryonic stages.

Main Results:

  • Detailed lncRNA and miRNA profiles contributed by parental gametes were established.
  • A set of novel lncRNAs with potential roles in pre-fertilization fertility modulation were identified.
  • Significant miRNA expression dynamics were observed, enhancing germ cell competency and early embryonic development.

Conclusions:

  • Parental ncRNAs, particularly lncRNAs and miRNAs, are critical regulators of fertilization and early embryonic development.
  • Novel lncRNAs identified may represent new targets for fertility research.
  • MiRNA dynamics play a vital role in ensuring successful reproduction from gametogenesis to embryogenesis.